Renaissance

Renaissance

About 1450, European scholars became more interested in studying the world around them. Their art became more true to life. They began to explore new lands. The new age in Europe was eventually called “the Renaissance.” Renaissance is a French word that means “rebirth.” Historians consider the Renaissance to be the beginning of modern history.

Century Renaissance (French / English: Renaissance; Italian: Rinascimento, literal meaning: rebirth) is a cultural movement of the 14th century until the 17th century, originated in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spread throughout Europe . This movement includes the rise of knowledge based on classical sources, the growing role model on the Pope and all things elegant, stylish development of perspective in painting, and the advancement of science. Movement of the Enlightenment provides a tremendous effect on all efforts to develop science, but perhaps the most famous is the progress in terms of artistry and the contribution of the polymath (people who have high knowledge in a variety of ways) such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, that resulted in the designation "Renaissance Men".
Renaissance was first introduced in Western Europe, in the Italian region. This was triggered by the defeat of the crusaders in a holy war. The defeat makes the thinkers and artists get away from the Byzantine to Western Europe. They realized was the start of the gunpowder explosives and to master the technology they need to break away from the influence of medieval mysticism with science back to classical times that were previously prohibited because it is considered a violation of divine mission.

The Renaissance began in northern Italy and then spread through Europe. Italian cities such as Naples, Genoa, and Venice became centers of trade between Europe and the Middle East. Arab scholars preserved the writings of the ancient Greeks in their libraries. When the Italian cities traded with the Arabs, ideas were exchanged along with goods. These ideas, preserved from the ancient past, served as the basis of the Renaissance. When the Byzantine empire fell to Muslim Turks in 1453, many Christian scholars left Greece for Italy. This period is a reaction to the previous period, which is doctrinal knowledge under influence of the church and more based on faith. This reaction is so powerful that it can be said the role of reason replace the role of faith, science took the place of religion and faith in society. Spirit enlightenment increasingly evident in the development of science and philosophy through the strengthening of the role of reason (reason) in all fields, known as the age of reason. Human reason is considered very high and used for form of knowledge.

Rennaissance period marked by shifting the focus of understanding of God-centeredness into humancenterednes, known as the secularization or humanity. The writings of famous philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle and others studied to see how the mindset of the author and historical context when writing was made​​. Then who sought truth is human and not God truth. The conclusion is the acceptance that the truth finally have more than one perspective. The Renaissance period was followed by a period of Luther's reformation in Christianity, which has two important meanings. First, the weakening influence of Luther's reformation of the church and support the independence of man in manage his faith in God. Both wars caused by the reform, also revealed the Negative of humanity such as persecution, suffering and sense of human helplessness.

The Renaissance was much more than simply studying the work of ancient scholars. It influenced painting, sculpture, and architecture. Paintings became more realistic and focused less often on religious topics. Rich families became patrons and commissioned great art. Artists advanced the Renaissance style of showing nature and depicting the feelings of people. In Britain, there was a flowering in literature and drama that included the plays of William Shakespeare.

The Renaissance was the liberation of humanity from a dungeon, the double discovery of the outer and the inner world. For all practical purposes, Renaissance / Early Modern Period is distinguished from other periods in European history almost entirely in terms of intellectual or cultural. As far as the larger pattern of history is concerned, the period is more or less considered to be playing what has been established in the middle of a century later. European historians are very likely to place a major breakthrough in Europe with the past and classic mid-century with the discovery of America and the Reformation.

OVERVIEW RENAISSANCE

¨  Society in Europe thought that century 14^th and 15^th is the Dark Age

¨  Defeated European from Arabic in Holy War

¨  Falling the capital City of East Romawi Continnetal to the moeslim (1453)

¨  Education Just For pope

¨  Pope Allowed in politics

¨  Some scholars (Artists) bridled by pope

¨  Medici’s family protected scholars from Pope

Characteristic Of Renainssance

1. Intelligence is the one thing instruction for the wise
2. Structure Socielity  more simple
3. Whole is the way to Count law of nature to be Mechanical Math
4. Nothing Said That : Previous Sin
5. Spirit enlightenment increasingly evident in the development of science and philosophy through the strengthening of the role of reason (reason) in all fields, known as the age of reason. Human reason is considered very high and used for form of knowledge.

SCIENCE

Science and art were very much intermingled in the early Renaissance, such as:  Leonardo da Vinci. He made observational drawings of anatomy and nature. He also set up controlled experiments in water flow, medical dissection, and systematic study of movement and aerodynamics.

Early and proponents of these ideas included Copernicus and Galileo. They made important discovery about the stars and planet.

The new scientific method led to great contributions in the fields of astronomy, physics, biology, and anatomy. With the publication of Vesalius’ De humani corporis fabrica, a new confidence was placed in the role of dissection, observation, mechanic, and a mechanistic view of anatomy.

EXPLORATION

·         Columbus discovered America in 1492.

·         Ferdinand Magellan sailed all round the world.

ART

In Renaissance, progress in the field of art originated mostly in Italy in the 14th century then spreaded to continental Europe.

figure :

·         Filippo Brunelleschi  (Italian), the most famous figure in architecture, and The principal buildings and works designed by Brunelleschi is

1.    Dome of the Cathedral of Florence

2.    The lantern of the Florence Cathedral

3.    The exedrae of the Florence Cathedral

4.    Pazzi Chapel

·         Leonardo Da Vinci (Italian), he is architect, author, sculptor and painter, the best known works is “Mona Lisa”

·         Raphael (Italian) , painter , Together with Michelangelo andLeonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period.

·         Michelangelo (Italian) ,  Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, poet, and engineer.

·         Tiziano vecelli (Italian) , salah satu pelukis terbesar dari zaman Renaissance, the most famous works is Giovanni battista, Salome, Venus di urbino.

·         Sandro boticelli (Italian) painter.

Elizabeth Era

The Renaissance was the beginning of the modern world in the areas of geography, science, politic, religion, society, and art.

London become not only the capital city of England , but also the main city of the known world. And English , in the hand of writers like Shakespeares, became the modern language, we can recognize today. This was the age of Shakespears, and the golden Age of English Drama.

Courtly poetry

With the consolidation of Elizabeth's power, a genuine court sympathetic to poetry and the arts in general emerged. This encouraged the emergence of a poetry aimed at, and often set in, an idealised version of the courtly world.

Among the best known examples of this are Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene, which is effectively an extended hymn of praise to the queen, and Philip Sidney's Arcadia. This courtly trend can also be seen in Spenser's Shepheardes Calender. This poem marks the introduction into an English context of the classical pastoral, a mode of poetry that assumes an aristocratic audience with a certain kind of attitude to the land and peasants. The explorations of love found in the sonnets of William Shakespeare and the poetry of Walter Raleigh and others also implies a courtly audience

ART (ENGLAND)

The most famous figures in England were:

1. Edmund Spenser
2. Ben Johnson
3. William Shakespeare

Edmund Spenser

(c. 1552 – 13 January 1599)

As a young boy, he was educated in London at the Merchant Taylors' School and matriculated as a sizar at Pembroke College, Cambridge.^[1][2] While at Cambridge he became a friend of Gabriel Harvey, and later consulted him, despite their differing views on poetry.

WORKS Edmund spenser

¨  The Ruines of Time

¨  The Teares of the Muses

¨  Virgil's Gnat

¨  Prosopopoia, or Mother Hubberds Tale

¨  Ruines of Rome: by Bellay

¨  Muiopotmos, or the Fate of the Butterflie

¨  Visions of the worlds vanitie

¨  The Visions of Bellay

¨  The Visions of Petrarch

Ben Jonson

Benjamin Jonson (c. 11 June 1572 – 6 August 1637) He was educated at Westminster School by the great classical scholar William Camden.

Many of Ben Jonson’s early plays caused controversy because of their political relevance, and he was put in jail more than once.Of his early plays two comedies, Every Man in his Humor (1598) and Every Man out of his Humor (1599) are well known for the idea that a character can be ruled by ‘humour’. Jhonson later wrote two of the best known comedies in English, Valpone (1606) and The Alchemist (1610). Most of Jhonson’s best-known works come from the periode after the death of Queen Elizabeth in 1603. The plas written during his reign are called Jacobean.

SHAKESPEARE

William Shakespeare (baptised 26 April 1564; died 23 April 1616) was an    English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.

The most famous works from Shakespaere are Hamlet and Romeo & Juliet

HAMLET

Hamlet is story about tragedy, at the end the Hero dies .it’s tell about  The prince of Denmark (Hamlet) , is deciding whether  to go on living , or to die. He has to face the fact that his father , the kng has been murdered by his own brother (Claudius), who Is now the king, and Hamlet’s mother (Gertrude), has married this new king . Hamlet duty is to avenge his father’s death.

ROMEO AND JULIET

Two households, both alike in dignity, In fair Verona, where we lay our scene,
From ancient grudge break to new mutiny, Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean. From forth the fatal loins of these two foes A pair of star-cross'd lovers take their life;Whose misadventured piteous overthrows Do with their death bury their parents' strife. The fearful passage of their death-mark'd love, And the continuance of their parents' rage, Which, but their children's end, nought could remove, Is now the two hours' traffic of our stage; The which if you with patient ears attend, What here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend.

Works  of Shakespearse

Comedies Main article: Shakespearean comedy	Histories Main article: Shakespearean history
All's Well That Ends Well‡ As You Like It The Comedy of Errors Love's Labour's Lost Measure for Measure‡ The Merchant of Venice The Merry Wives of Windsor A Midsummer Night's Dream Much Ado About Nothing Pericles, Prince of Tyre*† The Taming of the Shrew The Tempest* Twelfth Night The Two Gentlemen of Verona The Two Noble Kinsmen*† The Winter's Tale	King John Richard II Henry IV, Part 1 Henry IV, Part 2 Henry V Henry VI, Part 1† Henry VI, Part 2 Henry VI, Part 3 Richard III Henry VIII†

Tragedies Main article: Shakespearean tragedy	Poems
1.    Romeo and Juliet 2.    Coriolanus 3.    Titus Andronicus† 4.    Timon of Athens† 5.    Julius Caesar 6.    Macbeth† 7.    Hamlet 8.    Troilus and Cressida‡ 9.    King Lear 10.  Othello 11.  Antony and Cleopatra 12.  Cymbeline*	13.  Shakespeare's sonnets 14.  Venus and Adonis 15.  The Rape of Lucrece 16.  The Passionate Pilgrim[nb 5]  17.  The Phoenix and the Turtle 18.  A Lover's Complaint

Lost plays	Apocrypha Main article: Shakespeare Apocrypha
Love's Labour's Won Cardenio†	Arden of Faversham The Birth of Merlin Locrine The London Prodigal The Puritan The Second Maiden's Tragedy Sir John Oldcastle Thomas Lord Cromwell A Yorkshire Tragedy Edward III Sir Thomas More

ELIZABETHAN AND JACOBEAN DRAMA

There were many other playwright who were part of the Golden Age  of English Drama, and many of their plays are still successfully performed. The ‘Tragedy of Blood’, influenced particularly by the Latin writer of poetic tragedies, Seneca, took many forms during Elizabeth’s reign. They were called tragedies of blood because they usually ended in the violent death of most of the main character.

The first  was Gorboduc bt Thomas Sackville and Thomas Norton in 1561 and the Greateset Hamlet in 1600. The reason for the popularity of these play is that they were full of action and voilence, passion, emotion and often madness.

The plays Of Jacobean period become even more complex, even more passionate and violent than the plays of Elizabethan age, as they go more deeply into problems of corruption and human weakness. The masterpieces of Jacobean tragedy include the plays of Jhon Webster, espcially The White Devil (Published in 1612) and The Duchess of Malfi, written about the same time. These plays contain two of the most memorable tragic heroines in English Drama, Vittoria Corombona and the Duchess of malfi herself; women who were the victims of male violence, and whose sufferings show many of the problems that Jacobean society was experiencing.

Elizabethan and Jacobean Prose

In this era, works of famous figure was about travel. For example, The Italian traveler, Marco Polo, who had travelled as far as China in the late 1200s, and had written some rather fantastic stories about his travels,and also became popular when his romance about his travels was translated into English in 1579.

Religious writing also became popular. The sermons of a churchman like John Donne were often published – in fact, they were better known in his own lifetime than the poems for which he is famous.

It was Donne who wrote, in Devotions (religious writings): ‘No man is an island, entire of itself: man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main (sea).’

Illustrated books, called emblem books, also became popular in the Renaissance.

Conclusion

·         People began to explore the power of the human mind. A term often used to describe the increasing interest in the powers of the human mind is humanism

·         Reinaissance Change The habits people in west Europe to be, human that’s have spirit to free, realistic,patriotism, calm society , tolerance have a religius

·         Spirit enlightenment increasingly evident in the development of science and philosophy through the strengthening of the role of reason (reason) in all fields, known as the age of reason. Human reason is considered very high and used for form of knowledge

·         Writers and philosophers of the Renaissance time period expressed their opinions about human nature and human's roles in the universe through their writings.

·         Kinds Of Works from famous figures is more Various

·         Works of Shakespeare most Of Them are about Tragedies and humanity

·         Renainssance called to Shakespeare age